ALGORITHMS OF NP-COMPLETE PROBLEMS. PART II

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37943/24MIOD6580

Keywords:

NP-complete problems, polynomial algorithms, subset sum problem, big data, information retrieval

Abstract

This paper presents an analytical and algorithmic framework for solving NP complete problems, specifically focusing on the Subset Sum Problem (SSP). The study aims to develop polynomial time algorithms capable of efficiency identifying a k-element subset from an n-element set of positive integers, where the sum of the elements equals a predefined certificate. In an n-element set  of positive integers without repetition, the goal is to find a k-element subset ( ), whose sum of elements is equal to the certificate . In this second part of the work, a sample of a subset  with odd power   is considered (in the first part - a sample of  with even power  which determines the complexity of the proposed algorithms for solving the subset sum problem.  The obtained USPTO patents [20] present a computer system for ultra-fast processing of big data with a volume of finite  and a processing speed proportional to the execution time T with the required memory   for power k=3.  The proposed approach is based on the mapping  , the arguments of which are the certificate  and the elements  of the set  and the union of the required subsets  obtained from the two-dimensional array     from the set  taking into account the mapping and the given certificate   Then the sampling time of the subset  of odd cardinality with the given certificate  and the required space satisfy the conditions T , which are obtained based on solving the problem of the sum of the required subset   from the set of natural numbers . Overall, the findings establish a theoretical foundation for ultra-fast computing systems and data-intensive applications, aligning with modern computational complexity and big data paradigms. 

Author Biographies

Bakhtgerey Sinchev, International Information Technology University, Kazakhstan

Professor, Doc. Tech. Sc., Department of Information Systems

Aksulu Mukhanova, Q university, Kazakhstan

Senior Lecturer, Cand. Tech. Sc., Department of IT and Services

Tolkynai Sadykova, International Information Technology University, Kazakhstan

Senior Lecturer, PhD student, Department of Information Systems

References

Bellman, R. (1956). Notes on the theory of dynamic programming IV – Maximization over discrete sets. Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, 3(1–2), 67–70. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/nav.3800030107

Pisinger, D. (1999). Linear time algorithms for knapsack problems with bounded weights. Journal of Algorithms, 33(1), 1 14. https://doi.org/10.1006/jagm.1999.1034

Quillillas, J., & Xu, C. (2021). Divide-and-conquer pseudo-polynomial algorithm for the subset sum problem. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.01234

Birgman, B. (2017). Pseudo-polynomial randomized algorithms for the subset sum problem. Journal of Discrete Algorithms, 45, 101–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jda.2017.03.005

Horowitz, E., & Sahni, S. (1974). Computing partitions with applications to the knapsack problem. Journal of the ACM, 21(2), 277 292. https://doi.org/10.1145/321812.321824

Schroeppel, R., & Shamir, A. (1981). A more efficient algorithm for certain NP-complete problems. SIAM Journal on Computing, 10(3), 456 467. https://doi.org/10.1137/0210033

Cormen, T. H., Leiserson, C. E., Rivest, R. L., & Stein, C. (2009). Introduction to algorithms (3rd ed.). MIT Press.

Martello, S., & Toth, P. (1990). Knapsack problems: Algorithms and computer implementations. John Wiley & Sons.

Manning, C., Raghavan, P., & Schütze, H. (2008). Introduction to information retrieval. Cambridge University Press.

Dean, J., & Ghemawat, S. (2008). MapReduce: Simplified data processing on large clusters. Communications of the ACM, 51(1), 107–113. https://doi.org/10.1145/1327452.1327492

Nguyen, D. T., & Hoang, T. Q. (2022). Advanced algorithmic techniques for NP-complete problems in big data analytics. Journal of Computational Science, 63, 101754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocs.2022.101754

Wang, J., & Liu, T. (2022). Hybrid architectures for subset-sum optimization in large data systems. Information Sciences, 600, 345 362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2022.04.015

Liu, Y., Pass, R. (2022). On One-way Functions from NP-Complete Problems. In: Proceedings of the 37th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC '22). Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, Dagstuhl, DEU, Article 36, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2022.36

Bonnetain, X., Bricout, R., Schrottenloher, A., & Shen, Y. (2020). Improved classical and quantum algorithms for Subset Sum. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.05276

Allcock, J., Hamoudi, Y., Joux, A., Klingelhöfer, F., & Santha, M. (2021). Classical and quantum algorithms for variants of Subset Sum via dynamic programming. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.07059

Wang, L., Xu, C., & Chen, Y. (2023). Recent advances in polynomial-time approximations for subset selection problems. Artificial Intelligence Review, 56(7), 6375 6401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-023-10452-1

Zhang, Y., Chen, L., & Han, J. (2020). Efficient subset generation in large-scale data processing. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 32(11), 2134 2146. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2411.06298

Sinchev, B., Sinchev, A. B., Akzhanova, J., & Mukhanova, A. M. (2019). New methods of information search. News of the National Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan, Series of Geology and Technical Sciences, 3(435), 240–246.

Sinchev, B., Sinchev, A. B., & Akzhanova, Z. A. (2019). Computing network architecture for reducing computing operation time and memory usage associated with determining subsets from a data set. U.S. Patent No. 10,348,221. [20] Li, L. (2000). On the Arithmetic Operational Complexity for Solving Vandermonde Linear Equations. Japan Journal of Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 17(1). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03167332

Luo, L., Li, C., & Li, Q. (2024). Deterministic Algorithms to Solve the (n,k)-Complete Hidden Subset Sum Problem. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.04967

Downloads

Published

2025-10-30

How to Cite

Sinchev, B., Mukhanova, A., & Sadykova, T. (2025). ALGORITHMS OF NP-COMPLETE PROBLEMS. PART II. Scientific Journal of Astana IT University, 24. https://doi.org/10.37943/24MIOD6580

Issue

Section

Information Technologies